99With a relatively small diameter of 1/4 inch, this mi-crophone can pick up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 100 kHz, which are inaudible to the human ear. It’s also ideal for measuring high sound pressure levels exceeding 150 dB.This is also incorporated into the NL-63 precision sound level meter, which is equipped with a low-frequency sound measurement function with a measurement range of 1 Hz to 20 kHz. The acoustic impedance is increased by narrowing and lengthening the air flow path formed between the back chamber and the exterior to extend the cut-off frequency down to the ultra-low frequency range.This low-noise microphone is designed for measuring low sound pressure levels using a simple system. The structure helps minimize self-noise as much as possible.This microphone is ideal for measurement in high-temperature environments of up to 120°C. It has a stronger polymer film than standard 1/2-inch microphones to withstand high temperatures.Specific situations where microphones are usedquiet sounds. The 1/2-inch microphones are inferior in these respects and the 1/4-inch microphones are even worse. But with the smaller microphones, the diaphragm can be stretched more tightly, allowing measurement of higher sound pressure levels. In other words, when it comes to microphone size, there’s a trade-off in performance. Where one performance aspect is favored, another will inevitably suffer.Microphones for measuring low-frequency sounds are often used to address the noise issues that have emerged in recent years, such as the noise emitted by wind power generators and heat-pump water heaters. They are useful for monitoring natural phenomena like volcanoes, tsunamis, and avalanches that generate low-frequency noise. Aircraft in supersonic flight generate shock waves (the so-called sonic boom) with the main components being in the range of a few Hz. Microphones for measuring low-frequency sounds are essential for surveys targeting low-frequency sounds and infrasound.On the other hand, we’ve seen a rising demand for measuring high-frequency sound and ultrasonic waves, which are inaudible to the human ear. With the dramatic advancement in wireless technologies in recent years, technologies such as wireless data communication, wireless power supply, and image projection in air have begun to be employed. But concerns have been raised about the impact on the human body from exposure to ultrasonic sounds. Although the effects of ultrasound on the human body have also been studied for quite some time, as with the effects of low-frequency sounds, the relationship between exposure levels, frequency, and the effects on the human body remains unclear. In terms of regulatory steps, we first need to be able to measure ultrasound correctly. In this respect, the 1/4-inch microphones capable of measuring in the ultrasound range are expected to find increasing applications.An important indicator of microphone reliability is its stability over time. Microphones have to produce the same stable results no matter when or where measurement takes place. Some cases may involve measurement in extremely cold environments; others may involve temperatures too hot for human safety. To achieve stable measurement even in such harsh environments, as well as in normal environments, Rion has developed microphones that can be used in high temperature and other specific environments.A condenser-type microphone is made up of a combination of parts, including a diaphragm that vibrates in response to sound pressure, a fixed electrode plate (back plate) positioned several tens of microns away from and parallel to the diaphragm, and a housing that supports the diaphragm. The diaphragm, which corresponds to the eardrum in the human body, is made of titanium alloy. But this part isn’t the only key component in the evolution of microphones. The temperature characteristics of a microphone are determined by the combination of the temperature gradients of each component. The history of microphone development is, to a certain extent, therefore, the story of the search for the ideal combination of components.For high-frequency range(1/4-inch microphone)For low-frequency range(1/2-inch microphone)For measuring low sound pressurelevels(1-inch microphone)For high-temperature environments(1/2-inch microphone)The relationship between microphones and preamplifiersA condenser-type microphone consists of a diaphragm and a back electrode for convert-ing sound into an electrical signal. Impedance conversion is performed by a preamplifier. The signal is processed by devices such as a sound level meter. Microphones and preamplifiers are typically used together as a single unit.MicrophonePreamplifierUC-29UC-54UC-59LUC-35P with NH-35 preamplifierUC-59HX with NH-22H preamplifier
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